Table of contents
1.
What Are
"Sajaseong-eo" (Four-Character Idioms)?
2.
The Origin and History of
Four-Character Idioms
3.
Four-Character Idioms and Their
Role in Korean Life
4.
Effective Ways to Learn
Four-Character Idioms
5.
105 Commonly Used Korean Four-Character
Idioms
1. What Are "Sajaseong-eo" (Four-Character Idioms)?
사자성어(四字成語, Sajaseong-eo) are concise
four-character expressions that carry profound wisdom and moral lessons,
embodying Korea's traditional linguistic culture. Most are composed of Chinese
characters and often originate from ancient stories, historical events, or
philosophical thought.
In short, they are like "gems of
language," delivering powerful messages in just a few words. For instance,
the idiom "천리길도 한 걸음부터(千里之行 始於足下, A journey of a thousand miles
begins with a single step)" may seem simple,
but it conveys the profound lesson that achieving success starts with small,
initial efforts.
2. The
Origin and History of Four-Character Idioms
The origin of four-character idioms dates
back to ancient Chinese literature. However, in Korea, these idioms were
uniquely interpreted and developed alongside the growth of Confucianism and
Buddhism. During the Joseon Dynasty, scholars used four-character idioms to
teach virtues and ethics, and they became widely utilized in daily life.
Our ancestors often used four-character
idioms to self-reflect or educate their children. They even incorporated these
idioms into letters or poetry to express their feelings and convey their
thoughts.
3. Four-Character Idioms and Their Role in Korean Life
Even today, four-character idioms are
widely used in Korea's daily life, educational settings, and business
environments. For instance, students often use expressions like "고진감래" (Sweetness follows hardship) or "우공이산" (Perseverance moves mountains) to
convey determination in their statements or interviews. Office workers
frequently use idioms such as "일석이조" (Killing two birds with one stone) or "지피지기" (Know yourself and your enemy) to demonstrate strategic thinking.
Our ancestors used four-character idioms to
teach future generations life lessons and wisdom. When explaining Korean
culture to foreign friends, incorporating these idioms can effectively convey
the essence of our mindset concisely and impactfully.
4. Effective Ways to Learn Four-Character Idioms
l Use Storytelling
Explore the fascinating stories behind each idiom. For example, the tale of "새옹지마" (The old man's horse) teaches the wisdom of accepting life's changes with a positive
outlook.
l Play Card Games
Try matching idioms with their meanings in a card game. It’s a fun and
interactive way to combine learning with play.
l Practice in Daily Life
Incorporate idioms into your daily conversations. For instance, describe a
friend's unrelated answer as "동문서답" (Answering east to a question about the west).
※ Below is the audio file of the example sentences above.
5. 105
Commonly Used Korean Four-Character Idioms
1) 고진감래 (苦盡甘來)
l Meaning: Sweetness comes after
hardship.
l Explanation: This idiom expresses
the joy and happiness that comes after enduring difficult times. It teaches
that the more hardships one endures, the greater the reward. It is often used when
someone has overcome challenges to succeed.
l Example: "그는 몇 년 동안 어려운 시간을 보냈지만, 마침내 꿈을 이루며
고진감래의 순간을 맞이했다."
"He endured tough times for several
years, but he finally achieved his dream and experienced the sweetness of 고진감래."
2) 대기만성 (大器晩成)
l Meaning: Great vessels are made
late.
l Explanation: This idiom implies
that outstanding achievements take time. It highlights that those who grow
slowly or succeed later in life can often accomplish significant things. It
offers hope and encouragement to those who are progressing slower than others.
l Example: "그는 젊을 때 눈에 띄지 않았지만, 나이가 들수록 뛰어난 성과를 내며 대기만성을 증명했다."
"He didn’t stand out when he was young,
but as he got older, he achieved remarkable results, proving 대기만성."
3) 사필귀정 (事必歸正)
l Meaning: All things eventually
return to their rightful place.
l Explanation: This idiom conveys the
belief that truth and justice will ultimately prevail even if situations seem
unfair or unreasonable initially. It is often used when an unfair situation is
corrected.
l Example: "오랜 법정 다툼 끝에 진실이
밝혀지며 사필귀정의 결과를 얻었다."
"After a long legal battle, the truth
was revealed, and the result demonstrated 사필귀정."
4) 전화위복 (轉禍爲福)
l Meaning: Misfortune turns into a
blessing.
l Explanation: This idiom emphasizes
that unexpected failures or hardships can lead to better outcomes. It
encourages optimism and finding the silver lining in adverse situations.
l Example: "사업에 실패한 뒤 다른 길을
선택해 성공한 그는 전화위복의 좋은 예가 되었다."
"After failing in his business, he
chose another path and succeeded, becoming a great example of 전화위복."
5) 새옹지마 (塞翁之馬)
l Meaning: Life is unpredictable.
l Explanation: Originating from a
story about an old man and his horse, this idiom reflects how bad events can
turn into good ones and vice versa. It reminds people to stay optimistic and
open-minded in uncertain times.
l Example: "시험에 떨어졌지만 새로운 기회를
얻었으니, 이 또한 새옹지마라 할 수 있다."
"Although he failed the exam, he gained
a new opportunity. This could truly be called 새옹지마."
6) 유비무환
(有備無患)
l Meaning: If you are prepared, you
won’t worry.
l Explanation: This idiom highlights
the importance of being thoroughly prepared to avoid unexpected difficulties.
It’s commonly used to stress the value of planning and prevention in daily
life.
l Example: "비가 올지 몰라 우산을 챙겨온
것이 유비무환의 좋은 사례였다."
"Bringing an umbrella in case it rains
was a great example of 유비무환."
7) 조삼모사 (朝三暮四)
l Meaning: Being deceived by
immediate gains.
l Explanation: This idiom comes from
a fable about monkeys being tricked by a promise of three acorns in the morning
and four in the evening. It represents focusing only on short-term benefits
while missing the bigger picture.
l Example: "당장의 할인율만 보고 물건을
샀는데, 결국 더 비싼 가격을 지불하게 되는 조삼모사의 상황이었다."
"Focusing only on the discount rate, he
bought the item but eventually paid a higher price, falling into a 조삼모사 situation."
8) 타산지석 (他山之石)
l Meaning: Learning from others'
mistakes.
l Explanation: This idiom means that
even an imperfect stone from another mountain can help polish one’s gem. It
emphasizes the wisdom of learning from others’ failures or flaws to improve
oneself.
l Example: "경쟁 회사의 실패를 분석하며
교훈을 얻은 그는 타산지석의 의미를 실천했다."
"He analyzed the failure of a competing
company and learned from it, embodying the meaning of 타산지석."
9) 과유불급 (過猶不及)
l Meaning: Excess is as bad as
deficiency.
l Explanation: This idiom emphasizes
the importance of maintaining balance and moderation. Overdoing something or
being overly ambitious can lead to failure or problems.
l Example: "다이어트를 하며 극단적으로 음식을
제한하는 것은 과유불급이 될 수 있다."
"Extremely restricting food intake
during a diet could result in 과유불급."
※ Below is the audio file of the example sentences above.
10) 마이동풍 (馬耳東風)
l Meaning: Letting words go in one
ear and out the other.
l Explanation: This idiom compares
someone ignoring advice or warnings to the wind passing through a horse's ear
without effect. It often describes indifference or stubbornness.
l Example: "그에게 아무리 조언을 해줘도
마이동풍이라서 전혀 변화가 없었어요."
"No matter how much advice he was
given, he remained indifferent, like 마이동풍."
11) 작심삼일 (作心三日)
l Meaning: A resolution lasts only
three days.
l Explanation: This idiom refers to
making a firm commitment but giving up shortly after. It’s commonly used in
contexts where sustained effort is needed, such as dieting or studying, and
also serves as a reminder to build perseverance.
l Example: "이번에는 꼭 작심삼일이 아니라
꾸준히 운동을 해보겠다고 다짐했어요."
"This time, I’m determined to exercise
consistently and not let it become 작심삼일."
12) 일취월장 (日就月將)
l Meaning: Advancing daily and
progressing monthly.
l Explanation: This idiom describes
gradual improvement through consistent effort. It’s often used to praise
students, professionals, or anyone showing significant progress over time.
l Example: "매일 연습하니 실력이 일취월장하고
있어요."
"Practicing every day has helped my
skills improve 일취월장."
13) 형설지공
(螢雪之功)
l Meaning: Achieving success through
perseverance in adversity.
l Explanation: Originating from a
Chinese story, this idiom refers to people who study or work hard under challenging
circumstances and achieve great success. It’s often used to praise perseverance
and diligence.
l Example: "형설지공의 자세로 공부하면 반드시
좋은 결과를 얻을 거예요."
"If you study with a 형설지공 mindset, you’ll surely achieve excellent results."
14) 괄목상대 (刮目相對)
l Meaning: Being amazed by someone’s
growth and seeing them in a new light.
l Explanation: This idiom describes
situations where someone who was once underestimated shows tremendous
improvement, deserving recognition and respect.
l Example: "그 친구가 그렇게 발전하다니
정말 괄목상대할 만한 일이에요."
"It’s truly 괄목상대 to see how much they’ve improved."
15) 군계일학
(群鷄一鶴)
l Meaning: A crane among chickens.
l Explanation: This idiom refers to
an outstanding individual who stands out among the average. It’s often used to
praise someone’s exceptional talent or ability.
l Example: "그는 군계일학 같은 존재라 모두의
주목을 받았어요."
"He’s a 군계일학
figure, drawing everyone’s attention."
16) 금상첨화
(錦上添花)
l Meaning: Adding flowers to brocade.
l Explanation: This idiom describes a
situation where something good is made even better, symbolizing added happiness
or success. It often describes fortunate events that enhance an already favorable
situation.
l Example: "이번 계약 성공은 회사 성장에
금상첨화가 되었어요."
"The success of this contract was 금상첨화 for the company’s growth."
17) 동고동락 (同苦同樂)
l Meaning: Sharing both hardships and
joys together.
l Explanation: This idiom refers to
going through tough times and happy moments together with friends, family, or
colleagues, fostering a deep bond. It is often used to emphasize special
relationships.
l Example: "우리는 동고동락하며 이 회사를
이끌어 왔어요."
"We have led this company together,
sharing both hardships and joys (동고동락)."
18) 무릉도원 (武陵桃源)
l Meaning: A utopia or paradise
removed from reality.
l Explanation: Originating from a
Chinese fable about a village filled with peach blossoms, this idiom describes
a peaceful and happy place free from worries and stress. It is often used to
describe idyllic locations or situations.
l Example: "이곳은 정말 무릉도원처럼 평화롭고
아름답네요."
"This place is so peaceful and
beautiful, just like 무릉도원."
※ Below is the audio file of the example sentences above.
19) 문전성시 (門前成市)
l Meaning: A crowd gathers, making
the front of the house as busy as a market.
l Explanation: This idiom describes a
place or person that is very popular and attracts many visitors. It is often
used to depict bustling scenes at famous restaurants, doctors' offices, or
other well-known establishments.
l Example: "그 병원은 명성이 높아 늘 문전성시를
이루고 있어요."
"That hospital is so renowned that it
is always 문전성시."
20) 권불십년 (權不十年)
l Meaning: Power does not last for
ten years.
l Explanation: This idiom warns that
no matter how strong or long-lasting power may seem, it is not eternal and will
eventually fade. It often carries a moral lesson to act humbly and righteously,
especially for those in power.
l Example: "권불십년이라더니, 그 정치인의 전성기도 결국 끝이 났군요."
"As they say, 권불십년, the politician’s prime has finally come to an end."
21) 지피지기
백전백승 (知彼知己 百戰百勝)
l Meaning: Know the enemy and
yourself, and you will win every battle.
l Explanation: This idiom,
originating from Sun Tzu's The Art of War, emphasizes the importance of
thoroughly understanding both oneself and the opponent to ensure success. It is
widely applicable to fields such as business, sports, and academics.
l Example: "상대 팀의 약점을 파악하고 우리
전략을 세웠으니 지피지기 백전백승이 될 거야!"
"We’ve analyzed the opponent’s
weaknesses and planned our strategy, so it’s going to be 지피지기 백전백승!"
22) 권선징악
(勸善懲惡)
l Meaning: Encouraging good and
punishing evil.
l Explanation: This idiom signifies
promoting moral values and reprimanding wrongdoing. It is often used in the
context of stories, movies, or situations where justice prevails over evil.
l Example: "이 영화는 권선징악의 주제를
통해 정의의 중요성을 다시 한번 일깨워줍니다."
"This movie highlights the theme of 권선징악, reminding us of the importance of justice."
23) 동병상련 (同病相憐)
l Meaning: Fellow sufferers empathize
with one another.
l Explanation: This idiom describes
the mutual understanding and sympathy shared among people going through similar
hardships or struggles. It emphasizes human empathy and solidarity.
l Example: "실직한 친구들과 이야기하니 동병상련의
위로를 받을 수 있었어요."
"Talking with friends who also lost
their jobs gave me the comfort of 동병상련."
24) 막상막하
(莫上莫下)
l Meaning: Neither superior nor
inferior; neck and neck.
l Explanation: This idiom is used to
describe situations where two parties or individuals are so closely matched in
ability or performance that it is hard to determine a winner. It is often used
in the context of competition or comparison.
l Example: "두 팀의 경기가 막상막하라서
끝까지 손에 땀을 쥐게 했어요."
"The game between the two teams was 막상막하, keeping everyone on the edge of their seats until the end."
25) 명실상부 (名實相符)
l Meaning: The name and reality
match.
l Explanation: This idiom refers to
situations where the name or reputation of a person or thing aligns perfectly
with its actual qualities or abilities. It often describes individuals or
entities as great as their reputation.
l Example: "그는 명실상부한 우리 회사 최고의
리더입니다."
"He is 명실상부 the
best leader in our company."
26) 백가쟁명 (百家爭鳴)
l Meaning: Numerous scholars freely
present their opinions and debate.
l Explanation: This idiom signifies a
situation where diverse people share their perspectives and engage in
discussions or debates. It often emphasizes the value of an open exchange of
ideas for progress.
l Example: "회의에서는 백가쟁명처럼 각자의
의견이 다양하게 제시되었어요."
"In the meeting, ideas were presented freely, just like 백가쟁명."
27) 부화뇌동
(附和雷同)
l Meaning: Following others’ opinions
without having one’s own.
l Explanation: This idiom describes a
person who merely follows others without having their judgment or opinions. It
is often used critically to refer to someone who lacks independence in thought.
l Example: "그는 항상 부화뇌동하니, 중요한 결정에서 믿음이 가지 않는다."
"He always follows others blindly (부화뇌동), so he is not reliable for important decisions."
※ Below is the audio file of the example sentences above.
28) 사면초가
(四面楚歌)
l Meaning: Surrounded by enemies on
all sides and in a dire situation.
l Explanation: Originating from a
story in Records of the Grand Historian, this idiom depicts a crisis without
support or escape. It is used to describe situations where one is trapped or
overwhelmed.
l Example: "사업 실패로 인해 그는 사면초가에
처했지만 끝까지 포기하지 않았다."
"After his business failed, he found
himself in a 사면초가 situation but refused to give
up."
29) 삼고초려 (三顧草廬)
l Meaning: Making persistent efforts
to recruit talent.
l Explanation: Derived from a tale in Romance
of the Three Kingdoms where Liu Bei visited Zhuge Liang three times to
recruit him, this idiom symbolizes humility and perseverance in seeking great
talent.
l Example: "그 회사는 삼고초려의 자세로
뛰어난 연구원을 스카우트했다."
"The company scouted an excellent
researcher with 삼고초려-level determination."
30) 상전벽해 (桑田碧海)
l Meaning: The world has changed
beyond recognition.
l Explanation: This idiom means that
the passage of time has brought drastic changes to the world. It is often used
to describe rapid societal or environmental transformations.
l Example: "어린 시절의 그 마을이 지금은
상전벽해로 변해 현대적인 도시가 되었다."
"The village from my childhood has undergone 상전벽해
and turned into a modern city."
31) 설상가상 (雪上加霜)
l Meaning: Misfortunes piling up one
after another.
l Explanation: Like frost forming on
top of snow, this idiom depicts a series of unfortunate events occurring
back-to-back, making a bad situation worse.
l Example: "건강이 좋지 않은 데다 경제적
문제까지 생기니 설상가상이었다."
"Not only was his health poor, but financial problems also arose, making
it a case of 설상가상."
32) 순망치한 (脣亡齒寒)
l Meaning: If one falls, the other is
also in danger.
l Explanation: This idiom illustrates
the interdependence between two entities, where the fall of one affects the
other. It is commonly used to describe relationships between countries,
organizations, or individuals.
l Example: "협력 회사가 무너지면 우리 사업도
타격을 받으니, 순망치한의 관계임을 잊지 말아야 한다."
"If our partner company collapses, our
business will also suffer, highlighting the 순망치한
relationship."
33) 안빈낙도 (安貧樂道)
l Meaning: Finding joy in the way of
life while living in poverty.
l Explanation: This idiom refers to
being content with a simple life and pursuing spiritual enrichment rather than
material wealth. It emphasizes a philosophical approach to life, valuing mental
over material prosperity.
l Example: "그는 화려한 삶보다 안빈낙도의
철학을 따르며 행복하게 지낸다."
"He lives happily, following the
philosophy of 안빈낙도 rather than pursuing a lavish
lifestyle."
34) 어부지리 (漁父之利)
l Meaning: A third party benefits
from a conflict between two others.
l Explanation: Originating from a
tale where a fisherman profits as two fish fight, this idiom describes
situations where an unexpected third party gains an advantage while others
compete or argue.
l Example: "두 회사가 경쟁하는 사이, 작은 스타트업이 어부지리를 얻어 시장을 장악했다."
"While the two companies competed, a
small startup took advantage of the situation and dominated the market, an
example of 어부지리."
35) 역지사지 (易地思之)
l Meaning: Consider things from the
other person’s perspective.
l Explanation: This idiom highlights
the importance of empathy and understanding by encouraging people to put
themselves in others’ shoes. It is often used to resolve conflicts or promote
mutual understanding.
l Example: "역지사지의 마음으로 그의 상황을
이해해 보세요."
"Try to understand his situation with
an 역지사지 mindset."
36) 오리무중 (五里霧中)
l Meaning: Being lost with no clue on
how to proceed.
l Explanation: Like being stuck in a thick
fog without direction, this idiom describes situations where solutions or paths
are unclear, often applied to complex or uncertain problems.
l Example: "계획이 너무 복잡해서 오리무중에
빠진 기분이었다."
"The plan was so complicated that I
felt like I was in an 오리무중 state."
※ Below is the audio file of the example sentences above.
37) 온고지신 (溫故知新)
l Meaning: Learning new things by
revisiting old knowledge.
l Explanation: This idiom emphasizes revisiting
past knowledge to gain new insights, highlighting the connection between
tradition and innovation in learning or skill development.
l Example: "온고지신의 자세로 옛 문헌을
연구하며 새로운 아이디어를 떠올렸습니다."
"By studying old texts with an 온고지신 attitude, I came up with new ideas."
38) 와신상담 (臥薪嘗膽)
l Meaning: Enduring hardship to
achieve revenge or a goal.
l Explanation: Derived from a Chinese
story, this idiom refers to enduring extreme difficulties and staying
determined to accomplish a significant goal or avenge a wrong.
l Example: "그는 와신상담의 자세로 모든
어려움을 견뎌내고 꿈을 이루었습니다."
"He endured all hardships with a 와신상담 mindset and achieved his dream."
39) 우공이산 (愚公移山)
l Meaning: Perseverance can move
mountains.
l Explanation: Originating from a
Chinese tale about an old man determined to move mountains, this idiom
illustrates how consistent effort can lead to accomplishing even the most
difficult tasks.
l Example: "작은 일부터 시작했지만, 우공이산의 마음으로 결국 목표를 달성했습니다."
"I started with small steps, but with
the 우공이산 spirit, I eventually reached my goal."
40) 유비무환 (有備無患)
l Meaning: Being prepared prevents
worry.
l Explanation: This idiom stresses
the importance of thorough preparation to avoid future problems or worries. It
is often used to underline the value of emergency planning or foresight.
l Example: "유비무환의 정신으로 모든 비상사태에
대비하고 있습니다."
"With the 유비무환
mindset, we are prepared for any emergency."
41) 유유상종 (類類相從)
l Meaning: Birds of a feather flock
together.
l Explanation: This idiom refers to
the natural phenomenon of people with similar traits or interests gathering
together. It is often used to describe friendships or social groups that form
based on shared characteristics.
l Example: "유유상종이라고, 그는 항상 비슷한 취향의 사람들과 어울립니다."
"As the saying goes, 유유상종, he always associates
with people who share similar tastes."
42) 이심전심 (以心傳心)
l Meaning: Understanding each other
without words.
l Explanation: This idiom describes a
deep bond where mutual understanding is achieved without the need for verbal
communication. It is commonly used to describe relationships built on trust and
empathy, such as those between family members, lovers, or long-time friends.
l Example: "오랜 친구라 그런지 이심전심으로
서로의 생각을 알 수 있었습니다."
"Since we’ve been friends for so long, we could understand each other’s
thoughts 이심전심."
43) 인과응보 (因果應報)
l Meaning: Reaping what you sow.
l Explanation: This idiom signifies
that good actions result in positive outcomes, while evil actions lead to
negative consequences. It emphasizes the importance of moral behavior and reminds
us that all actions have corresponding results.
l Example: "인과응보라는 말처럼, 선행이 결국 좋은 결과로 이어졌습니다."
"As the saying goes, 인과응보, good deeds ultimately lead to positive results."
44) 일거양득 (一擧兩得)
l Meaning: Killing two birds with one
stone.
l Explanation: This idiom is used
when a single action achieves two or more outcomes. It highlights the efficient
use of time or resources and is suitable for praising effective results.
l Example: "이번 프로젝트는 홍보와 매출
증가라는 일거양득의 효과를 가져왔습니다."
"This project brought about 일거양득 results, increasing both publicity and sales."
45) 일석이조 (一石二鳥)
l Meaning: Killing two birds with one
stone.
l Explanation: Similar to 일거양득, this idiom describes achieving two benefits through one effort. It
emphasizes efficiency and is often used interchangeably with 일거양득.
l Example: "공부하면서 운동도 병행하면 건강도
챙기고 성적도 오르니 일석이조네!"
"If you study while exercising, you’ll improve your health and grades. It’s
a perfect example of 일석이조."
※ Below is the audio file of the example sentences above.
46) 일목요연 (一目瞭然)
l Meaning: Clear and easy to
understand at a glance.
l Explanation: This idiom refers to
something so well-organized and evident that it can be comprehended instantly.
It is commonly used to describe charts, explanations, or clear and
straightforward presentations.
l Example: "이 도표는 데이터를 일목요연하게
보여줍니다."
"This chart presents the data in an 일목요연 manner."
47) 일취월장 (日就月將)
l Meaning: Progressing daily and
advancing monthly.
l Explanation: This idiom describes
continuous improvement over time through consistent effort. It is often used to
highlight personal or organizational growth.
l Example: "그의 연주 실력은 매일 연습한
덕분에 일취월장하고 있습니다."
"His playing skills have been improving
일취월장 thanks to daily practice."
48) 입신양명 (立身揚名)
l Meaning: Achieving success and
bringing honor to one’s family.
l Explanation: This idiom symbolizes
reaching a high level of success in society and gaining recognition while
bringing pride to one’s family and ancestors. It is often used to describe
someone working diligently toward their aspirations.
l Example: "그는 입신양명을 위해 밤낮으로
노력하며 꿈을 향해 나아갔다."
"He worked tirelessly day and night
toward his dream, aiming for 입신양명."
49) 자화자찬 (自畵自讚)
l Meaning: Praising one's work.
l Explanation: This idiom describes excessively
complimenting oneself or one’s actions. While often used sarcastically to
criticize self-praise, it can sometimes positively highlight self-encouragement.
l Example: "회의에서 자화자찬만 하지 말고
팀의 공로도 언급해야 해요."
"Instead of only 자화자찬 during the meeting, make sure to acknowledge the team’s efforts
too."
50) 적반하장 (賊反荷杖)
l Meaning: The guilty accuses the
innocent.
l Explanation: This idiom compares a
situation to a thief shamelessly scolding the victim. It highlights absurd or
hypocritical behavior, especially when someone wrongfully shifts blame to
others.
l Example: "적반하장도 유분수지, 잘못을 한 사람이 왜 화를 내는 거야?"
"This is 적반하장
at its finest—why is the person at fault getting angry?"
51) 전전긍긍 (戰戰兢兢)
l Meaning: Trembling with fear and
caution.
l Explanation: Derived from the image
of soldiers trembling before battle, this idiom portrays someone acting with
extreme caution or anxiety, often in anticipation of an uncertain outcome.
l Example: "결과 발표를 기다리며 전전긍긍하는
모습이 역력했다."
"It was obvious that he was 전전긍긍 while waiting for the results to be announced."
52) 점입가경 (漸入佳境)
l Meaning: Entering an increasingly
interesting phase.
l Explanation: This idiom describes
situations or stories that become progressively more engaging or enjoyable. It’s
often used when events unfold positively or excitingly.
l Example: "이 드라마는 초반보다 중반 이후에
점입가경이라서 정말 재미있어."
"This drama gets much better in the middle; it’s a true 점입가경."
53) 조변석개 (朝變夕改)
l Meaning: Frequently changing plans
or decisions.
l Explanation: This idiom criticizes
inconsistent behavior, likening it to changing decisions in the morning and
then again in the evening. It is often used to highlight the importance of
careful and steady planning.
l Example: "조변석개식으로 일을 처리하면
신뢰를 잃게 됩니다."
"Handling tasks in a 조변석개 manner will lead to a loss of trust."
54) 주마가편 (走馬加鞭)
l Meaning: Urging someone to excel
further.
l Explanation: This idiom refers to
pushing someone already doing well to achieve even greater success. It’s used
to describe encouragement or motivation for continued improvement.
l Example: "그의 성공에 만족하지 않고 주마가편의
자세로 계속 도전했다."
"Not satisfied with his success, he
adopted a 주마가편 attitude and continued to push
himself."
※ Below is the audio file of the example sentences above.
55) 죽마고우 (竹馬故友)
l Meaning: A childhood friend.
l Explanation: Literally meaning
"a friend who played on bamboo horses," this idiom describes a friend
with whom one has shared a lifelong bond since childhood.
l Example: "오랜만에 만난 죽마고우와 추억을
이야기하며 즐거운 시간을 보냈다."
"I had a wonderful time reminiscing
with my 죽마고우, whom I hadn’t seen in years."
56) 지록위마 (指鹿爲馬)
l Meaning: Calling a deer a horse;
deceiving to manipulate authority.
l Explanation: This idiom originates
from a historical incident where a minister convinced others to accept a false
claim to test their loyalty. It is used to criticize situations where those in
power deliberately uphold lies as truth.
l Example: "지록위마 같은 상황에 침묵하지
말고 사실을 바로잡아야 해요."
"Don’t stay silent in a 지록위마 situation—speak up
and set the record straight."
57) 진퇴양난 (進退兩難)
l Meaning: A dilemma where neither
advancing nor retreating is an option.
l Explanation: This idiom describes
being stuck in a situation where every decision leads to a bad outcome. It is
often used to express the difficulty of making choices in a tough predicament.
l Example: "그는 진퇴양난의 상황에서 신중하게
고민하며 결정을 내렸다."
"He carefully contemplated and decided in the face of a 진퇴양난 situation."
58) 천고마비 (天高馬肥)
l Meaning: A season of abundance and
pleasant weather in autumn.
l Explanation: Literally meaning
"the sky is high and horses are fat," this idiom praises autumn for
its clear skies, cool weather, and plentiful harvests. It reflects the richness
and beauty of the season.
l Example: "천고마비의 계절답게 하늘은 맑고
들판은 황금빛으로 물들었어요."
"True to the 천고마비 season, the sky is clear, and the fields are painted golden."
59) 청출어람 (靑出於藍)
l Meaning: The pupil surpasses the
teacher.
l Explanation: This idiom celebrates
a student or protege who exceeds their teacher in skill or achievement. It
emphasizes the importance of learning and the potential for growth and
excellence.
l Example: "그 제자는 청출어람이라더니 이제
스승보다 더 유명해졌어요."
"That student truly embodies 청출어람 and is now even more renowned than their teacher."
60) 초미지급 (焦眉之急)
l Meaning: An urgent situation
requiring immediate attention.
l Explanation: Translated as
"eyebrows on fire," this idiom vividly conveys the intensity of a
crisis that demands swift resolution to avoid severe consequences.
l Example: "현재 상황은 초미지급이니 신속히
대책을 마련해야 합니다."
"The current situation is 초미지급, so we must quickly come up with a solution."
61) 칠전팔기 (七顚八起)
l Meaning: Perseverance despite
repeated failures.
l Explanation: This idiom, meaning
"fall seven times, rise eight," symbolizes resilience and
determination in adversity. It encourages persistence and the will to keep
trying until success is achieved.
l Example: "그의 인생은 칠전팔기의 연속이었지만
결국 성공을 이뤄냈습니다."
"His life was a series of 칠전팔기 moments, but he ultimately achieved success."
62) 타산지석 (他山之石)
l Meaning: Learning from others'
mistakes or faults.
l Explanation: This idiom highlights
the value of observing others’ shortcomings to improve oneself. It serves as a
reminder to turn others’ errors into one’s own lessons for growth.
l Example: "타산지석으로 삼아 그의 실수를
교훈으로 받아들였어요."
"I took his mistakes as 타산지석 and learned from them."
63) 파죽지세 (破竹之勢)
l Meaning: An unstoppable and
overwhelming force.
l Explanation: This idiom compares
unstoppable progress to splitting bamboo, which becomes more manageable as it
continues. It describes situations where momentum leads to decisive and
effortless victories.
l Example: "우리 팀은 파죽지세로 상대를
물리치며 승리를 거머쥐었습니다."
"Our team won decisively by defeating
the opponent with 파죽지세 momentum."
※ Below is the audio file of the example sentences above.
64) 표리부동 (表裏不同)
l Meaning: Being two-faced or
hypocritical.
l Explanation: This idiom criticizes
someone whose outward appearance or behavior does not match their inner
thoughts or true intentions. It is often used to call out deceit or warn
against double-dealing attitudes.
l Example: "그 사람은 표리부동한 행동으로
신뢰를 잃고 말았어요."
"He lost trust due to his 표리부동 behavior."
65) 풍전등화 (風前燈火)
l Meaning: A precarious situation,
like a lamp before the wind.
l Explanation: This idiom describes a
state of extreme danger or instability where failure or disaster seems
imminent. It is often used to highlight urgency or a critical condition.
l
Example: "지금 회사 상황은 풍전등화와 같아서 모두가 긴장하고 있어요."
"The company’s current situation is like 풍전등화, and
everyone is on edge."
66) 학수고대 (鶴首苦待)
l Meaning: Eagerly awaiting
something.
l Explanation: Literally translating
to "a crane stretching its neck to wait," this idiom vividly
expresses the act of earnestly anticipating news or an event, especially
something essential or joyful.
l
Example: "그는 합격 발표를 학수고대하며 매일 이메일을 확인했어요."
"He checked his email daily, 학수고대 for the announcement of his acceptance."
67) 한단지몽 (邯鄲之夢)
l Meaning: The fleeting nature of
life and glory.
l Explanation: Originating from a
Chinese tale about a dream in Handan, this idiom reflects the ephemerality of
worldly success and warns against vain desires. It is used to emphasize the
impermanence of life’s pleasures and achievements.
l
Example: "그의 성공은 한단지몽처럼 금방 사라지고 말았습니다."
"His success vanished quickly, like 한단지몽."
68) 함흥차사 (咸興差使)
l Meaning: A messenger who never
returns or gives feedback.
l Explanation: This idiom originates
from a story during the Joseon Dynasty and describes someone who is
unresponsive or fails to follow up after being tasked with something.
l
Example: "회의 결과를 물어봤는데, 답이 없으니 정말 함흥차사 같네요."
"I asked about the meeting results, but
there’s no reply—he’s truly 함흥차사."
69) 형설지공 (螢雪之功)
l Meaning: Achieving success through
diligence under challenging circumstances.
l Explanation: Based on a tale of
studying by fireflies and snowlight, this idiom praises those who overcome
hardships to excel in their studies or pursuits. It underscores the value of
persistence and effort.
l
Example: "그의 성공은 형설지공의 자세로 끊임없이 노력한 결과예요."
"His success is the result of 형설지공, achieved through relentless effort."
70) 호가호위 (狐假虎威)
l Meaning: Borrowing someone else’s
authority to wield power.
l Explanation: Originating from a
tale of a fox using a tiger’s power to intimidate others, this idiom criticizes
those who boast or act arrogant by leveraging someone else’s influence.
l
Example: "그 사람은 상사의 권력을 빌려 호가호위하는 데 익숙해요."
"He’s used to 호가호위, relying on his boss’s
authority to exert influence."
71) 후안무치 (厚顔無恥)
l Meaning: Brazen and shameless
behavior.
l Explanation: This idiom describes a
person who is unapologetically bold and lacks any sense of shame, even in the
face of wrongdoing.
l
Example: "그렇게 후안무치하게 행동하면서도 아무렇지 않은 척하는 게 놀랍네요."
"It’s astonishing how he acts so 후안무치 and pretends nothing is wrong."
72) 흥진비래 (興盡悲來)
l Meaning: Joy is followed by sorrow.
l Explanation: This idiom reflects
the cyclical nature of life, where happiness eventually gives way to sadness.
It emphasizes the transient and interconnected nature of life’s emotions.
l Example: "이번 주는 흥진비래라는 말처럼
즐거운 일과 아쉬운 일이 교차했어요."
"This week was a mix of joys and regrets, just like 흥진비래."
※ Below is the audio file of the example sentences above.
73) 희노애락 (喜怒哀樂)
l Meaning: The full spectrum of human
emotions.
l Explanation: This idiom refers to
the variety of feelings people experience, including joy, anger, sorrow, and
pleasure. It is often used to describe rich emotional expressions or the
multifaceted nature of life.
l
Example: "영화 속 주인공의 희노애락이 너무 생생하게 전달됐어요."
"The protagonist’s 희노애락 was conveyed so vividly in the movie."
74) 각골난망 (刻骨難忘)
l Meaning: Engraving gratitude into
one’s bones, never forgetting a favor.
l Explanation: This idiom emphasizes
deep gratitude for a great favor, promising never to forget it. It is used to
express appreciation for significant help or kindness.
l Example: "그때 도와준 은혜는 정말 각골난망으로
기억할 거예요."
"I will always remember the kindness
you showed me as 각골난망."
75) 감언이설 (甘言利說)
l Meaning: Sweet and persuasive words
used to deceive.
l Explanation: This idiom describes
manipulative or flattering speech designed to deceive someone. It is often used
to warn against trusting unreliable people or being misled by empty promises.
l
Example: "그의 감언이설에 속지 않도록 조심하세요."
"Be careful not to be deceived by his 감언이설."
76) 개과천선 (改過遷善)
l Meaning: Repenting past wrongs and
reforming one’s life.
l Explanation: This idiom signifies
reflecting on one’s mistakes and striving to live a better and more virtuous
life. It is often used to encourage or praise someone’s personal growth and
transformation.
l
Example: "그는 과거의 잘못을 뉘우치고 개과천선하여 새 삶을 살고 있어요."
"He reflected on his past mistakes,
turned his life around, and is now living a 개과천선
life."
77) 결초보은 (結草報恩)
l Meaning: Repaying a favor, even
after death.
l Explanation: Originating from a
tale about repaying kindness after death, this idiom highlights unwavering
gratitude and the determination to return a favor no matter the circumstances.
l
Example: "부모님께서 주신 사랑을 결초보은의 마음으로 갚고 싶어요."
"I want to repay my parents’ love with
a 결초보은 spirit."
78) 경국지색 (傾國之色)
l Meaning: A beauty so enchanting it
can topple a nation.
l Explanation: This idiom describes
an exceptionally beautiful woman who captivates rulers or those in power to
the point of endangering a kingdom. It is used to praise extraordinary beauty.
l
Example: "그녀는 경국지색이라는 말이 어울릴 만큼 놀라운 미모를 가졌어요."
"She has such incredible beauty that she fits the description of 경국지색."
79) 계륵 (鷄肋)
l Meaning: Something of little value
that is hard to abandon.
l Explanation: This idiom compares a
situation to a chicken’s rib, which has little meat but is still too valuable
to discard. It is often used to describe dilemmas where an option is neither
fully beneficial nor worth giving up.
l
Example: "이 프로젝트는 계륵 같아서 그만둘 수도, 계속할 수도 없네요."
"This project feels like 계륵—I can neither give it up nor continue easily."
80) 고군분투 (孤軍奮鬪)
l Meaning: Fighting alone against
many enemies.
l Explanation: This idiom describes a
situation where someone struggles alone, without support or help, often showing
resilience and determination despite the odds.
l
Example: "혼자서 이 큰 프로젝트를 맡다니 정말 고군분투하고 있군요."
"Taking on this huge project alone, you’re
truly 고군분투."
81) 고장난명 (孤掌難鳴)
l Meaning: It’s hard to achieve
something alone.
l Explanation: Literally meaning
"one hand cannot clap," this idiom emphasizes the importance of
cooperation and help from others. It is often used to highlight the necessity
of teamwork to overcome challenges.
l
Example: "이 일은 혼자서 해결할 수 없으니 모두의 협력이 필요해요. 고장난명이죠."
"This task can’t be solved alone; we need everyone’s cooperation. It’s a
perfect example of 고장난명."
※ Below is the audio file of the example sentences above.
82) 곡학아세
(曲學阿世)
l Meaning: Misusing knowledge to
flatter the world.
l Explanation: This idiom criticizes
those who distort academic principles to gain favor from the powerful or
conform to public opinion. It underscores the value of integrity in
scholarship.
l
Example: "학자는 곡학아세하지 않고 진리를 탐구해야 합니다."
"Scholars should seek truth and avoid 곡학아세."
83) 교각살우 (矯角殺牛)
l Meaning: Fixing a small mistake and
causing a bigger one.
l Explanation: This idiom originates
from a tale about killing a cow while trying to fix its horn. It describes
situations where excessive focus on minor issues leads to greater harm.
l
Example: "사소한 결함을 고치려다 제품 전체를 망친다면 교각살우가 될 수 있어요."
"If you ruin the entire product while fixing a minor flaw, it could become
a case of 교각살우."
84) 구밀복검 (口蜜腹劍)
l Meaning: Honey on the lips, a sword
in the belly.
l Explanation: This idiom describes
someone who speaks kindly but harbors malicious intent. It warns against
trusting superficial kindness without assessing hidden motives.
l
Example: "그의 친절한 태도 뒤에 숨겨진 구밀복검 같은 의도를 알아챘어요."
"I saw through his friendly demeanor
and recognized the 구밀복검 intent behind it."
85) 구사일생 (九死一生)
l Meaning: Narrowly escaping death.
l Explanation: This idiom signifies
surviving extreme danger or overcoming life-threatening challenges. It is often
used to describe miraculous recoveries or escapes from peril.
l
Example: "산사태를 간신히 피했다니 정말 구사일생으로 살아난 거군요."
"You narrowly avoided the landslide—that’s
truly a 구사일생 escape."
86) 군웅할거 (群雄割據)
l Meaning: Heroes dividing
territories and competing for power.
l Explanation: This idiom depicts a
situation where multiple powerful figures or groups compete for dominance. It
is used to describe both historical conflicts and modern rivalries.
l
Example: "업계에서 신생 기업들이 성장하며 군웅할거의 시대가 열렸어요."
"The rise of new startups has created a
군웅할거 era in the industry."
87) 권토중래 (捲土重來)
l Meaning: Recovering and trying
again after failure.
l Explanation: Originating from a
military context, this idiom represents gathering strength and making a
comeback after a setback. It is widely used to encourage resilience and
determination.
l
Example: "이번 사업은 실패했지만, 권토중래의 마음으로 다시 시작해 보겠습니다."
"This business failed, but I’ll start
over with a 권토중래 mindset."
88) 동문서답 (東問西答)
l Meaning: Answering east when asked
about west.
l Explanation: This idiom describes
giving a completely irrelevant or unrelated answer to a question. It is often
used to highlight a lack of understanding or attention in communication.
l Example: "내가 오늘 날씨를 물었는데, 어제 갔던 영화 이야기를 하다니, 완전 동문서답이잖아!"
"I asked about today’s weather, but you
started talking about yesterday’s movie—that’s such a 동문서답!"
89) 기우 (杞憂)
l Meaning: Unnecessary or groundless
worry.
l Explanation: This idiom originates
from a Chinese story about a man from the Qi Kingdom who worried that the sky
might fall. It describes situations where people fret over things that are
unlikely to happen.
l
Example: "지금 걱정하는 건 기우에 불과하니 너무 고민하지 마세요."
"What you’re worrying about now is just
기우, so don’t stress too much."
90) 기호지세
(騎虎之勢)
l Meaning: A situation where one
cannot stop or retreat midway.
l Explanation: This idiom likens a
scenario to riding a tiger, where dismounting is dangerous, so one must
continue forward. It is often used to describe uncontrollable or escalating
situations.
l
Example: "이미 일이 이렇게 커졌으니, 기호지세로 끝까지 밀고 나가야겠어요."
"Since things have escalated this far, we have no choice but to press on 기호지세."
※ Below is the audio file of the example sentences above.
91) 난형난제 (難兄難弟)
l Meaning: Two things or people so
similar that it’s hard to distinguish superiority.
l Explanation: This idiom describes
situations where it’s difficult to decide which of two options or individuals
is better, as both are equally competent or impressive.
l
Example: "이번 대회에서 두 팀의 실력은 난형난제로 보였어요."
"In this competition, the skills of the
two teams were 난형난제."
92) 남가일몽 (南柯一夢)
l Meaning: A fleeting dream or vain
glory.
l Explanation: This idiom originates
from a story about a dream under the southern branch of a tree. It is used to
describe transient success or wealth, emphasizing the impermanence of life’s
pleasures.
l
Example: "그의 성공은 결국 남가일몽처럼 덧없이 사라졌어요."
"His success vanished quickly, like 남가일몽."
93) 노마지지 (老馬之智)
l Meaning: Wisdom from experience.
l Explanation: This idiom comes from
a story where an old horse successfully guided its herd, symbolizing the value
of wisdom gained through experience. It is often used to highlight the
importance of seeking advice from experienced individuals.
l
Example: "노마지지를 믿고 이번 일은 선배님의 조언대로 진행하겠습니다."
"Trusting 노마지지,
I’ll proceed with this task based on my senior’s advice."
94) 다다익선 (多多益善)
l Meaning: The more, the better.
l Explanation: Originating from a historical tale about General Han Xin’s preference for larger armies, this idiom expresses the belief that an abundance of resources, people, or opportunities is advantageous.
l
Example: "이 프로젝트는 팀원이 많을수록 효과적이니 다다익선입니다."
"This project will be more effective
with more team members, so 다다익선 applies here."
95) 동상이몽 (同床異夢)
l Meaning: Having different
intentions despite appearing united.
l Explanation: This idiom describes
situations where people seem to share the same goal outwardly but have
different internal motivations or agendas.
l
Example: "같이 일하는 듯하지만 사실은 동상이몽인 경우가 많아요."
"Although they appear to be working
together, it’s often a case of 동상이몽."
96) 두문불출 (杜門不出)
l Meaning: Staying indoors and
avoiding outside interactions.
l Explanation: Literally meaning
"shutting the door and not going out," this idiom depicts someone
isolating themselves from society, often to focus on study, self-improvement,
or to withdraw from the world.
l
Example: "시험을 앞두고 두문불출하며 공부에 전념하고 있어요."
"With the exam approaching, he is 두문불출 and fully
focused on studying."
97) 등용문 (登龍門)
l Meaning: A gateway to success.
l Explanation: According to legend,
if a fish manages to leap over the Dragon Gate in the Yellow River, it becomes
a dragon. This idiom symbolizes overcoming significant challenges to achieve
great success, often used in the context of academics, exams, or career milestones.
l
Example: "그 시험은 내게 등용문과 같은 도전이었지만, 결국 해냈어요."
"That exam was like an 등용문 challenge for me, but I finally overcame it."
98) 망양지탄
(亡羊之歎)
l Meaning: Feeling lost due to too
many options.
l Explanation: This idiom comes from
a story about losing a sheep at a crossroads with many paths. It describes the
frustration of being unable to make a choice when faced with numerous
possibilities, often in the context of learning or life decisions.
l
Example: "망양지탄에 빠지지 않도록 중심을 잡고 한 가지 길에 집중하려고 노력 중이에요."
"I’m trying to stay focused on one path
to avoid 망양지탄."
99) 명약관화 (明若觀火)
l Meaning: As clear as seeing fire.
l Explanation: This idiom expresses
situations or facts that are so obvious and undeniable that they leave no room
for doubt. It is often used to highlight inevitability or clarity.
l
Example: "그 계획이 실패할 거라는 것은 명약관화한 일이었어요."
"It was 명약관화
that the plan would fail."
※ Below is the audio file of the example sentences above.
100) 백년하청 (百年河淸)
l Meaning: Something that will never
happen, no matter how long you wait.
l Explanation: This idiom originates
from the idea that the muddy Yellow River will never become clear, symbolizing
futile efforts or impossible outcomes.
l
Example: "그 회사의 문제를 해결하려는 건 백년하청처럼 보였어요."
"Trying to solve that company’s issues
seemed like 백년하청."
101) 백미 (白眉)
l Meaning: The most outstanding
person or thing among a group.
l Explanation: Derived from the story
of a Chinese family where the most talented brother had white eyebrows, this
idiom highlights the best or most remarkable individual or item in a
collection.
l
Example: "그의 작품은 이번 전시회의 백미로 꼽혔어요."
"His work was considered the 백미 of this exhibition."
102) 비몽사몽 (非夢似夢)
l Meaning: A state between dream and
reality.
l Explanation: This idiom describes a
blurry state where one cannot distinguish between dream and reality, often due
to surprise, confusion, or exhaustion.
l
Example: "밤새워 공부를 하고 나니 아침에는 비몽사몽 상태로 출근했어요."
"After studying all night, I went to
work in a 비몽사몽 state in the morning."
103) 삼인성호
(三人成虎)
l Meaning: Repeated lies can become
accepted as truth.
l Explanation: This idiom refers to a
situation where even a falsehood can be believed if multiple people spread it.
It serves as a warning against the spread of rumors or misinformation.
l
Example: "사실이 아닌 이야기가 삼인성호처럼 모두에게 퍼져 큰 혼란을 일으켰어요."
"A false story spread like 삼인성호, causing great confusion among everyone."
104) 수구초심 (首邱初心)
l Meaning: A longing for one’s
hometown.
l Explanation: Originating from the
idea that a fox returns to its birthplace to die, this idiom symbolizes the
natural yearning for one’s roots or home. It is often used to express nostalgia
or the desire to return to one’s origins.
l Example: "고향에 내려오니 수구초심의 마음이
저절로 생기네요."
"Coming back to my hometown naturally
filled me with a sense of 수구초심."
105) 식자우환 (識字憂患)
l Meaning: Knowledge can sometimes
bring worry.
l Explanation: This idiom expresses that
being literate or knowledgeable can lead to additional worries and
responsibilities. It highlights the burdens that can accompany greater
understanding.
l Example: "식자우환이랄까, 너무 많이 알게 되니 더 고민이 깊어졌어요."
"You could call it 식자우환—knowing too much has deepened my worries."
※ Below is the audio file of the example sentences above.
The Power of Wisdom in Words: Exploring
Korean Idioms
Korean idioms, or 사자성어, hold value far beyond their linguistic charm. They serve as
cultural treasures that reflect the mindset and attitudes of Korean people.
Learning 사자성어 not only enhances your grasp of the
Korean language but also offers profound insights into the Korean way of
thinking and living.
0 Comments